Food care is a multifaceted concept encompassing nutrition, food safety, hygiene practices, responsible consumption, and choices related to a sustainable lifestyle in daily life. This review analyzes food care as a holistic approach to promoting healthy living and sustainable development, placing special emphasis on physical health, physical performance, athletic performance, recovery, and environmental responsibility. From the perspective of physical education, balanced nutrition and appropriate dietary habits support energy availability, body composition, exercise capacity, recovery, and long-term health. The review also considers the roles of safe food handling, mindful eating, adequate hydration, sustainable diets, and the reduction of food waste. It adopts an interdisciplinary approach that integrates nutritional science, physical education, public health, and sustainable development. It also highlights that responsible food choices can contribute to environmental conservation and the achievement of relevant Sustainable Development Goals. Overall, food care should be understood not merely as dietary management, but as an integral part of a healthy, active, and environmentally responsible lifestyle.